Keratoconus is a degenerative eye condition where the cornea becomes thin and starts to bulge outward, forming a cone shape instead of its normal round shape. This alteration in shape causes vision distortion because it interferes with how light rays pass through the eye, leading to astigmatism and nearsightedness.

Keratoconus is a progressive condition, meaning it worsens over time, especially if left untreated. It typically begins in adolescence or early twenties and gradually progresses over several years. The exact cause of this condition is not fully understood, but genetic factors are believed to play a significant role in its development.

Early treatment is crucial for controlling the progression of vision deterioration and reducing the need for complex surgical interventions in the future. Treatment options include the use of specialized contact lenses, ultraviolet light treatment (corneal collagen cross-linking), and the implantation of intracorneal rings. In advanced cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary

Keratoconus is generally not considered dangerous, but it significantly affects vision quality and may require advanced medical interventions if not properly managed. In the early stages, the effects are limited and may include blurred vision and increased sensitivity to light. As the disease progresses, vision distortion may increase, making it difficult for those affected to perform their daily activities normally.

In very advanced cases, keratoconus may lead to severe thinning of the cornea, increasing the risk of corneal rupture or perforation, a condition requiring emergency surgical intervention. However, this is rare and can be avoided in most cases through regular monitoring and early treatment.

Effective treatment and regular follow-ups with an ophthalmologist play a crucial role in controlling the disease and minimizing its impact on the quality of life. With medical technology advancements, there are now effective treatment options available that help control the disease’s progression and improve vision.

The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but research suggests a role for genetic and environmental factors. Studies have found a genetic predisposition to keratoconus, often recurring within specific families.

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors are believed to contribute to the condition’s development. One such factor is excessive eye rubbing, which can lead to corneal thinning and shape alteration. Individuals with severe allergies, especially eye allergies, may be more prone to frequently rubbing their eyes, increasing the risk of developing keratoconus.

Some medical conditions are also associated with an increased risk of keratoconus, such as Down syndrome and systemic diseases like rheumatic fever. However, the primary cause of keratoconus remains unclear, believed to result from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.